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Although the patent authors state that the hopped transmission can be accomplished by radio, they apparently do not intend to shift the radio carrier, meaning that this patent frequency-hops in audio but not in radio frequency.Award-winning French actress Jeanne Moreau dies at 89 – The Denver PostĪP PhotoIn this Oct. The receiver is basically a mirror image of the transmitter: It demodulates the incoming signals, down-converting them to their original frequencies according to the switching pattern in the telegraph tape, to recover the message. The higher frequencies are combined with carrier frequencies in the modulators the modulated signals are separated by band-pass filters, then transmitted. Audio channels (the original message) are shifted in a pseudorandom sequence to higher frequencies by a switching matrix according to a pattern encoded in a perforated telegraph tape and sent via a tape transmitter. Broertjes indicates in his patent that the design has been implemented, but he does not discuss the receiver in any detail his intended method of synchronization remains unclear.īlackwell, Martin, and Vernam patent: Otto Blackwell, De Loss Martin, and Gilbert Vernam patented the “Secrecy Communication System”-a direct predecessor to frequency hopping ( diagram below). The interruptors themselves can be bypassed by switches (s1…) and taken out of the circuit. When a dummy frequency has been selected by the exchange switches (c1…), the motor-driven interruptors (o1…) produce a periodic dummy signal. The signal is amplified by a vacuum tube in the oscillator (Z) and transmitted. Since Broertjes’s invention is meant to be used for telegraphy (Morse code), the carrier wave is the only signal produced, and a modulator is unnecessary.
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The disc switch selects a capacitor from the bank (k1…), which in combination with the inductor (L) in the tapped tuning coil determines a carrier frequency for the transmission.
Mata hari game voice actress code#
(Here, too, letters refer to the designations in the original patent.) The wiring of this code wheel determines the sequence of the operational and dummy frequencies. Each time an operator depresses a telegraph key (S), an escapement drive (B) moves a disc switch (M). If the transmitter and receiver get out of phase, or if an incorrect bit is received, the game is over.īroertjes patent: Like the Lamarr-Antheil patent, the 1929 frequency-hopping patent of Willem Broertjes incorporates both operational and dummy frequencies to obfuscate message transmission ( diagram below). Synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is achieved only by releasing both paper rolls at the same instant. Left- and right-steering control signals are separated by filters (166, 566), which are rectified (168, 568) to provide a direct current to the relays (169, 569), which in turn operate the torpedo rudder. It includes standard amplifier and demodulator components (64, 65) to recover the original signals. The receiver is controlled by a player-piano mechanism (37’) similar to the transmitter’s, but it can only receive the true steering frequencies and not the dummy frequencies. The operator should not transmit steering signals during these times. A signal lamp (43) informs the operator when the carrier frequency is changing and when a dummy frequency is in play. The design incorporates an additional layer of protection by providing more transmitting frequencies than the receiver can accept. These signals are fed to the modulator (21), which combines them with the carrier wave to produce a modulated signal that is amplified and transmitted to the receiver. Left- and right-control oscillators (34, 36) generate audio tones representing the left- and right-steering control signals for the torpedo.
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(The numbers here refer to component designations in the original patent.) The capacitor, in conjunction with the carrier oscillator (20), determines the carrier (transmission) frequency. In the transmitter (top), a player-piano roll (37) is read by a mechanical/pneumatic control head (39), which according to the hole pattern, selects a capacitor from a capacitor bank (24). Lamarr-Antheil patent: The sole Lamarr-Antheil patent outlines a process for frequency hopping using techniques similar to those in player pianos ( diagram below).